03.04.10
Posted in Nothing in Particular at 7:20 am by Farmer
For the past 10 years we have been re-using seed tray inserts, flats and black landscape plastic. Of coarse a few seed tray inserts ware out each year and end up at the dump then eventually into the landfill. (Our rule when taking our trash to the dump is that you can’t bring home more than what was taken. Our dump does have a “recycling” system going on in that stuff that is “considered” useful is set aside for folks to take home. The fellows who run our dump decide on what might be useful for others.)
With the media attention about global warming and us humans needing to do something about it quickly if we want us homo sapiens to continue living on the plant, here on the farm we continually evaluate our daily lives as to how “green” and “sustainable” each of our actions are, which then makes our buying and living decisions ever so much more complicated.
For example, because we re-use our seed tray inserts, we first wash and sanitize them, mainly to reduce the possibility of spreading diseases. The process we use is to pressure wash the inserts which uses water and gas fuel. Once they are pressured washed we dip them in a mild bleach solution. The bleach comes from chlorine, caustic soda, and water. Sodium chloride, common table salt in bleach, comes from either mines or underground wells. It also costs us labor, which because we are farmers is very minimal, and since we don’t earn much per hour we value our time at $3.00 per hour.
Pressure Washing Seed Tray Inserts on a cold winter day in between snow storms. I have on a wool hat and carhart coveralls to keep me warm!
So then we question if it would be better to purchase new seed tray inserts each year rather than wash/sanitize existing seed trays? We have to believe the manufacturing process for making new trays is much more energy intensive than for us to wash/sanitize but we just don’t know. I have read of a rather large farm that uses soil blocks with a mechanical transplanter. That interests me and someday I think we need to investigate that. That could become a project after the greenhouses are done but I don’t want to quit using our transplanter until the world runs out of fuel!
I am not sure how manufacturers compute carbon emissions but Scotland has instituted a law requiring manufacturers to specify the carbon emissions required for products. The Carbon Footprint label shows the weight of carbon used to manufacture the product (in grams). The carbon generated is measured from the source of the product, through to its sale and disposal of waste. The label is designed to help shoppers choose products with the lowest carbon footprint. Take the snack Fritos for example - how does the manufacturer know the energy required for growing the corn and shipping it to their processing plant - and it is not just the corn but all the other ingredients? I just wonder if the energy use for production of the base ingredients is included in the label. I can see how PepsiCo would know how much energy was used to make the product once they purchased the ingredients. How about the packaging? My guess is that they don’t make the packaging materials and that it is supplied by another manufacturer.
Another crazy program was the “Cash for Cluncker” program our country created last year. You purchase a new vehicle that was at least 1 MPG more efficient than your current vehicle. The dealer was required to destroy the engine of your old car so it is hard to imagine that the MPG saved in efficiency used less carbon emissions that those required for recycling the engine. (I do understand that politically this program was to stimulate the economy with additional car sales and bank loans and not necessarily to be green.)
I should try to figure out my top 10 most unsustainable habits. I bet it is home energy consumption (electricity use), computers, driving, and not sure what would be next.
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02.26.10
Posted in Projects at 8:41 am by Farmer
The pig shelter is still standing after 8 inches of snow overnight! It is no longer Quonset shaped but more like a lean to. It definitely wouldn’t have survived the big December storm that brought down a gazillion trees and our power. This is why we call this the pigs “summer” home. Thank goodness we tied it to the t-posts near the ground because it has been windy and while photographing it was blowing in the wind. Only March will tell if it ends up over the mountain at our neighbors.
Harmon in training for becoming the best (hopefully) rodent hunter we've ever known!
Harmon looking up after I called his name. He is such a cutie!
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02.23.10
Posted in Projects at 11:02 am by Farmer
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So Friday it was a little sunny and FINALLY the snow melted by late afternoon. We have cranked up the greenhouse and seeded most of our onions with anticipation of Saturday and Sunday being sunny and unfrozen so that we could work on outside projects rather than greenhouse work.
Normally our winters have a few days each month with unfrozen ground and temperatures above freezing; however this winter has been very cold and we are so far behind on our outside projects that it is difficult knowing what to prioritize.
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So here is how we spent our 2 sunny days:
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(1) We interviewed an applicant for our apprenticeship who we really liked. We normally like to have folks who are at least in their mid 20’s because they are more settled and able to handle an entire season of farming. This applicant, although 19, strikes us as very mature and dedicated enough to follow through on a season of farming.
(2) Our first priority has become readying the pigs summer home because they are escaping our fencing. I should be calling the pigs “swine” which is used by industry. My parents said that pigs are hard to contain, and we are finding that to be true, as they have been escaping the barn paddock and are rooting up the fescue around our greenhouses. Since they have been kept with the goats upon coming to the farm, the pigs and goats seem to have bonded, and the pigs have been following the herd of goats around the farm and not interested in running away. The problem with the pigs grazing with the goats is that our goat fence broke during one of the storms (downed trees are shorting out our electric fence) so the goats are escaping their fence but at least the goats don’t seem to be leaving the farm. So we made the pigs a summer shelter, drove t-posts for the combination woven wire/electrical fence and installed a regular gate for us to easily access the area throughout the season. Originally we were simply going to fence the pigs using electric fence but since we are fencing them out from our production area we thought we should use both woven wire and electric fencing so the pigs have no chance of escaping during the season. Woven wire is a physical barrier and electrical fencing is a psychological barrier. We figure the pigs are less apt to escape if they are being shocked while trying to get through the woven wire fence!
(3) Our second priority was to finish plowing one of our 4 acre fields that we hope to put back into production this year creating a more comprehensive rotation plan between potatoes, alliums and field corn. Joe Pisciotto plowed half of it last October so I finished it. This area was in production several years ago and came back strong in fescue. It will be interesting to see how these crops do. Folks up here say that plowing then having it freeze and thaw throughout the winter will “kill” fescue. We are almost certain that these 2 sunny days is just teasing us of Springs arrival and that we will have more freezing weather so that all I just plowed will also go through a little freezing/thawing before we plant.
READERS… That is all we got done with just 2 sunny days and unfrozen ground so I guess none of you would hire us for any jobs or you’d go broke! We would like more sunny days but it is already raining this morning so we will be seeding more flats in the greenhouse.
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Our temporary shelter for the pigs was cheap to build. Pigs must have a place for sleeping and getting out of the sunshine. This shelter only took us a few hours to assemble thanks to this website.
What parts are needed: Fencing Wire, 3 - cattle panels, 6 - t-posts, 1 – four foot gate, T-post driver, fencing pliers, muscles for driving T-Posts through rocks.
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 The center cattle panel is key in for supporting the structure. We first hammered the T-Post supporting the gate into the ground, next we wired the gate to the T-Post, we then bent the cattle panel from the T-Post over the gate and finally we hammered the T-Post across from the gate to old the opposite side of the cattle panel edge in place.
 This is a view of the summer pig shelter prior to us covering it with a tarp. Notice that just T-Posts hold the cattle panels in place! All 3 cattle panels are tied together with wire. In addition, we tied the cattle panels to the 6 T-Posts at the bottom so that when our March winds arrive the structure doesn’t end up across the mountain!
 Side view of our summer pig shelter once covered. We have 4 T-Posts rather than 3 because rocks prevented us from driving a T-Post where needed so we added an extra one. We used wire to attache the tarp to the cattle panels along the ground. Our grommets are spaced every 2 feet which we hope prevents the structure from ending up at our neighbors in our high March winds. |
(1) Find a location that is at least 12 feet by 16 feet.
(2) Build the center of the temporary shelter in the Center of your space. On the outer edges, Hammer 1 t-post into the ground. Attach the four foot gate to the t-post with wire. The gate will support the structure from collapsing during rainy/snowy weather. Bend the cattle panel over the T-Post/Gate to make a quonset shape. Hammer another t-post on the opposite side of the shelter to hold the cattle panel in place.
(3) Build the front of the temporary shelter Measure 45 inches from each of the center T-Posts and hammer 2 additional T-Posts on each side of the shelter. Then take another cattle panel and bend it into place from each T-Post forming a quonset shape but overlapping the center cattle panel. Using pieces of wire and your fencing pliers, tie the center cattle panel to the front cattle panel. Since Carl is a perfectionist he probably tied the panels together in 10 places.
(4) Build the back of the temporary shelter. Measure 45 inches from each of the center T-Posts and hammer 2 additional T-Posts on each side of the shelter. Then take the 3rd cattle panel and bend it into place from each T-Post forming a quonset shape but overlapping the center cattle panel.< Using pieces of wire and your fencing pliers, tie the center cattle panel to the back cattle panel.
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(5) Stretch the tarp across the cattle panels and tie the tarp to the cattle panel at each of the grommets. Here in the mountains we normally have high winds in March so we took an extra step and tied the tarp to the cattle panels and the cattle panels to the t-posts near the ground. We will let you know how this shelter fares during our winter weather.
 This is an end view of the completed summer pig shelter. You can see that the 4 foot gate leaves half the center available so the pigs can get through the shelter!
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02.17.10
Posted in Projects at 6:30 am by Farmer
These little pigs are going to help root up our fescue! We are going to pasture them on an acre of fescue this summer and hope that they will root up the fescue!
So once again we are probably taking on more than we should but we couldn’t resist!
For quite some time we have had plans of reclaiming about an acre of farmland that is seeded in fescue. What we know, from our ten years of farming, is that fescue is not an easy grass to get rid of. Today, even though we have been plowing our fields for 10 years, we still have fescue returning each year.
Around eight years ago we planted about 75 blueberry bushes and 100 raspberries only to have the deer graze them all down. So we have reserved an acre of land within our fenced area for small fruits. Each year we put off reclaiming that acre of land because frankly we are nervous to plant perennials in an area with established fescue.
We have been discussing our options on how to get rid of this fescue with me wanting to burn it; however, last year Joe Pisciotto, who spent the summer farming with us, suggested using pigs.
So after Joe suggested using pigs, I got to thinking about a seminar I went to quite a few years ago where I heard Joel Salatin talk about his pigs calling them, “Pigovators”, and I thought maybe pigs can live up to Joel’s namesake.
Then I spoke to Wayne, who raises a few pigs each year, and he said that pigs won’t root until they are a little order and he didn’t think the pigs would till up our fescue. My husband and I being stubborn decided that we would try using pigs anyway.
I called Warren Wilson, per Wayne’s suggestion, and got on their waiting list for their piglets which we hear are of good quality. So Jed, from the Warren Wilson farm called a couple weeks ago wanting me to pick up some piglets, so then began our new farming adventure!
Right now their acre of land is covered with snow, and has been probably since December, so we are just keeping the pigs near our barn with the goats and horses. They are active little things and enjoy rooting both inside the barn and outside in the paddock.
My parents used to raise pigs on their farm and they mentioned that pigs are very hard to contain. Let us hope that these pigs don’t escape their fenced area and end up rotting around in our crops. So off to another interesting adventure on the farm into unknown territory.
Notice how clean the pigs are - except for their snout that is - but they love to root!
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01.25.10
Posted in Projects at 8:12 am by Farmer
we were finally able to tackle a few outside tasks. We spent a few days this past week cutting and hanging rafters on the wood shed and are pleased to be done with that phase of the project.
Most construction projects use trusses set on top of headers for the roof structure. About a decade ago we had some downed trees sawed up into lumber so we are making our rafters using the lumber that has been curing in our barn.
Check out the wood shed project with half the rafters nailed up! You can see the ridgeboard running across the top of the building where we have yet to put up rafters.
We cut 30 timbers and on each of the timbers we cut a small angle for the end that sets on our ridge board, and notched the opposite end that sits on the headers. The timbers are from eastern white pine and roughly 6 inches wide by 148 inches long. Some boards were longer than 148 inches but we left them long and are going to trim them once our roof is on. Carl rigged up a couple jigs – one to easily cut the plum cut which is the angle required for attaching the rater to the ridge board – and another for marking the birdsmouth cut where the rafter attaches to the header.
In addition, because our wood shed is 20 feet wide, we nailed up 13 rafter ties. This is a 2” x 4” x 20’ white pine board that spans the width of the building and sits on each side of the headers then nailed into the rafters. Because the header along our woodshed was bowed out in places creating a span of more than 20 feet we used our ratcheting straps to pull the header in so that our building was exactly 20 feet wide. (Carl is into exactness, and I am into good enough, which caused a lot of discussion during this project.) Our ratcheting straps are multi-purpose and we use them to tie down hay on our trailers and for tying down fertilizer/wood or whatever we are hauling on our trailer. A pretty handy tool.
This photo shows the rafter ties spanning across the wood shed. Each rafter tie is nailed to the rafter and sits on the header.
It took us a few days to cut these rafters and nail them up…. My question to Carl throughout this phase of the project was, “What does industry do?”. I can’t imagine industry being as “profectionistic” as Carl because it would cost extra money in labor, resulting in corporate executives receiving less massive bonuses. Carl’s response, “Industry doesn’t build using rafters because trusses are used”. It is pretty cool to be using “primitive” building techniques!
I am thankful that Carl is a perfectionist because that is why all the structures we have built on this farm are still standing. So I might complain about the hours spent on our projects, and I probably will until I am off this planet, but nevertheless I am thankful.
This photo shows all the rafters up!
We also seeded cover crop in a couple of our greenhouses and the little sprouts look beautiful! It is simply amazing to go from bare dirt (with some tilled up leaves) to little seedlings sprouting, which will hopefully continue to grow, and then tilled back under to nourish our soil.
Look closely and you will see little cover crop seedlings just beginning to get their true leaves!
Harmon near the circular saw. See how little he is at 4 months of age? We are wondering if he is a midget (or some prefer dwarf) because he is so tiny. Don’t Basset Hounds remind you of a midget with their adorable big head and large short feet? We are wondering if Harmon is part Basset Hound.
Another shot of Harmon near the circular saw. See his ferocious face! He is a sweetie and we love him.
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01.16.10
Posted in Veggies at 7:51 am by Farmer
These are a few of the seed catalogs that we have received from suppliers so just imagine going through all of them.
We have about completed our seed planning for the 2010 season. Doesn’t it sound like an easy part of farming? What we do is go through catalogs from each of the 20 suppliers who have sent them to us and select varieties and the packet size for the amount of seeds that will meet our production goals. In selecting varieties, this means that we review each of the 300 cultivars we grow as to what did well/poor on our farm the past few seasons. Some varieties we discontinue while others we add. Seed planning is very intensive because it is at this point in the season where we are making decisions as to how many seeds to purchase to meet our production levels of feeding our CSA and Market customers.
Take collards for example:
We normally grow “Champion” which has yielded well for us. (Except this last season where it was devoured by cabbage loppers right in the greenhouse because I wasn’t diligent about checking the flats weekly for pests.) Champion is a rather tender collard with not too much bitterness that collards are known for and we have been growing Champion for the past 8 years.
Fedco introduced a new collard called “Even’Star Champion” with an enticing comment in the seed description that reads, “Not as attractive to the flea beetle so more attractive to us”.
Our initial reaction after reading about Even’ Star was that we need to grow Even’ Start because the flea beetles will leave it alone! Imagine growing a green that the flea beetles don’t like. It is very tempting to try this collard, but the price is 6 times higher than “Champion” and we have never known the flea beetles to leave our greens alone. So we will continue growing our old standby Champion because we just don’t believe that it is not attractive to flea beetles.
Once we have selected the Collard variety and the supplier, we then discuss whether we increase or decrease our production of collards, how many successions we will plant, and choose the number of seeds to order.
Seed planning involves reading the descriptions to all varieties we hope to grow then selecting the best variety adapted to our climate and bug pressure. So because we ponder every variety like collards, planning becomes an excruciating and tedious process, and one we are glad to almost have finished for the 2010 season!
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01.06.10
Posted in Projects at 11:09 am by Farmer
 THE TROPICS! Our tomato greenhouse with half of the plants and trellis removed! Hopefully we will soon be seeding a cover crop. |
So it was 18 degrees midday this week and we decided to take a trip to the tropics. In just a little over 5 minutes we were in the tropics soaking up sunshine in 80 degree temperatures! That is what the greenhouse is to us in the winter and it definitely warms the soul.
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In between seed planning, we spent the day removing the spent tomato and pepper plants and taking out the trellising. In the next week or so we are hoping to seed a cover crop in our greenhouses. We are waiting for this cold snap to leave before seeding the cover crop for increased probability that the seed will germinate.
Harmon might just become a fine dog at hunting rodents. We have noticed tunnels in the soil of the greenhouse that may be either voles, moles or rats. YES… The mountains have all these species and I don’t quite blame these critters for wanting to live in the tropics.
No more lying gloves or clothes on the ground because it seems that Harmon is into steeling them!
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 Harmon busy digging which we hope is because he is picking up the scent of a rodent! |
 I set my gloves down on the ground just long enough for Harmon to discover a new toy! He would much rather be in the tropics than outdoors in these 18 degree temperatures! |
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12.28.09
Posted in Nothing in Particular at 9:02 am by Farmer
 Bailey, the sweet husky who loved us, but terrorized our farm animals! |
It has been 15 years since we had a puppy, mainly because we kept adopting dogs that have been abandoned in our community, and because these dogs are older, we have never easily been able to train them as a “Farm Dog”.
The most recent dog we adopted, named Bailey, who we nicknamed the “Terrorist”. (It was me who called him that with Carl not appreciating it because he thought I was being mean!)
Bailey chased away our goats and was always chasing the cats, not to mention all the critters on the farm were a little scared of Bailey; however, Bailey was very loving towards us (or any human). We just couldn’t train him not to chase our farm animals so we found him a home with Jason who helped install our wood boiler. Jason already had a huskie named Cooper so he thought Bailey would make a good companion for Cooper. Jason has plenty of land around his house for Bailey and Cooper to roam which is something huskies need.
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Our adventure with Bailey started back in May when he was rescued by a few folks in our community with a broken jaw, so the folks in the community pitched in and paid for the vet bills to fix his jaw, and then they needed a home for him. We felt sorry for Bailey and decided to give him a try on the farm because we have plenty of space and we are home most of the time to provide him with plenty of attention and direction.The first week on the farm, we had Bailey in our fenced in area (4 acres) while we were hoeing when he escaped under the fence only to chase our neighbor’s horses and was kicked in the jaw once again. (His jaw was bleeding pretty badly so we took him back to the vet and discovered the jaw was not re-broken. The vet commented, “this dog has a death wish!”)
Several weeks after Bailey came to the Farm, Joe and Meagan were walking him on a leash because we were not letting him run free until he learned the farm boundaries, when we lost a couple goats to what looked like a dog attack. Had Joe and Meagan not have been walking Bailey on a leash, we would have accused Bailey of killing the goats; however, we do have wild dogs in the neighborhood so we attributed the goat deaths to the wild dogs. The goat deaths are still a mystery because the wild dogs typically don’t visit our livestock barn. Mostly domesticated animals will visit the livestock barn. The goats were freaked, and hung out in the other side of the pasture not attempting to return back to the barn, so after a couple days I lead our lead doe back and they all followed. The goats were missing Harvey our guard dog who was amazing at protecting the goats and directing the goats in abnormal circumstances. Nothing like this would have happened had Harvey been around but he died of cancer. We need another guard dog but have procrastinated in finding one because we were too busy growing vegetables.
About a month after the mysterious goat deaths, something else once again spooked the goats and all 11 of our goats disappeared. We hiked the mountains behind our home thinking that they were just spooked again and too nervous to return to the barn but we didn’t find any signs of them. After a few weeks we were certain the goats were devoured by wild animals whether it be coyotes or wild dogs, and we couldn’t bring ourselves to blaming Bailey this time. Bailey seemed to leave the goats alone, a couple times each week while processing and packing produce, Bailey would hang out with us at the barn. The goats would wonder by, almost a few yards from Bailey, and he didn’t even attempt to chase them. He would just lie near the barn and look at the goats with not much interest in chasing them. (The goats were escaping out of their fence and grazing near our packing shed.)
So the goats had been gone another month, then one Sunday we noticed that 7 had returned, which totally surprised us since we had assumed that they were dinner for some critter in the woods. We didn’t think the goats could survive in our mountains. The goats had been home at their barn for a few weeks when Joe was in the greenhouse one day and heard a commotion near the barn. He went to investigate and caught Bailey, with a goat cornered, and the rest of the goats gone. So that sneaky Bailey was terrorizing the goats when we weren’t looking!
So another month later, we found Bailey a home in Cruso, and we hope he is happy because we were sad to give him up since Bailey was loving towards us, not to mention we have never given away a dog before. It has been a couple weeks since Bailey went to his new home and would you believe that 4 of our goats returned? I wonder if the goats were in the woods looking down at the farm and sensed “safety” OR just luck of the draw? We still need a guard dog so perhaps we will look into that for a winter project.
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A farm is not a “farm” without dogs to chase away moles, groundhogs, and other rodents. We made it a promise to ourselves not to take in stray older dogs, that deep down inside, know will not work out on the farm. We knew that Bailey was not right for the farm but we felt sorry for him and took him in regardless of our “gut feelings”.One week ago we got a puppy from the animal shelter with hopes that we can train him to be a farm dog. Not sure what breed of dog Harmon is nor how big he will be but we hope big enough to hike our mountain trail and chase away rodents from the farm!
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 Harmon in snow! He doesn't seem to like the snow perhaps because it is deeper than his little legs! |
 While Carl was going to the bathroom, little Harmon snuggled up in his pants! Next time Harmon should bring Carl a newspaper so he can have a longer nap! |
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12.27.09
Posted in Maintenance at 10:36 am by Farmer
A fallen tree on the deer fence pushing the wire about to the ground!
The deer fence was designed for withstanding limbs falling on it, but not for trees, and we should be keeping all the trees cut from along the fence. This was our first downed tree on the fence, so we sawed the tree, and once the tree was off the wire, the wire popped back up (mostly). We were pleasantly surprised to see that the fence wire is in pretty good shape with no brakes. All we need to do is re-stretch the wire and connect the wire to the posts so that we can continue keeping the deer out of our production area. (We wished we would have fenced the entire farm, like our neighbor Frank did, because outside the fence we have barley any cover crop growth due to overgrazing by the deer.)
The tree that had fallen on the fence all cut and ready for burning in our wood boiler.
The tree came down on the fence line running along a branch that comes down from the holler and we purposely left the trees along the branch because it is good for the creatures that reside in the creek. These trees cool the water temperature a bit, debris falling from the trees provides food for the creatures in the branch, and I am certain there are many more benefits that I am not aware of. We are now considering taking a few of the large trees along the branch down so they don’t end up on our fence.
The fence wire popped back up and is as good as new once we sawed the tree off the fence!
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12.21.09
Posted in Maintenance, Nothing in Particular at 4:18 pm by Farmer
All three of our vehicles need a brake job. Up here in the mountains that is almost an annual job depending on how often one drives to town. (We do have another couple vehicles on that aren’t running so their brakes tend to last a long time!)
Our pear tree bearing the weight of a heavy snowfall here in the mountains bringing trees down on power lines causing power outages across the mountain region! We hear fellow farmers' tell stories of their greenhouses collapsing in the snow load. Say your prayers for these farmers!
We hiked up the mountain today, mostly because we didn't want to leave the farm and deal with roads, and although the snow is BEAUTIFUL, our trails are covered with downed trees! This weather inspires the DOT to use the nasty stuff - Calcium Chloride - on the roads which we think is why our brake lines have rusted away.
The power just came on after being out for 24 hours because we just had our first winter storm, with us receiving about 1 - 1/2 feet here in the valley on lower meadowfork, and I am certain other areas of Spring Creek, especially up the mountain from us, had much more snowfall. We haven’t seen this much snow all at once in the last several years because we just don’t seem to get snow in the drought years. This weather is the reason all of our vehicles are rusting away.
Carl has now replaced all the brake lines in our pickup truck. A few years ago when we purchased all the greenhouses we were coming back from Burlington NC with a trailer full of greenhouse parts, during a winter storm, when the DOT used calcium chloride on the roads in Old Fort to make it safe, snow and ice free for everyone. Needless to say, after that trip, our truck and trailer frame are completely rusted. How good can this stuff be for our environment? I am not sure of the environmental impact besides the decreased life span of our vehicles but it would be interesting to know.
When we were doing computer consulting, we would drive our Volvo to Charlotte, via Olf Fort, and the same thing happened to our Volvo. The Volvo frame is rusting away and Volvos are known for durability and sturdiness.
Our pickup truck now has completely new brakes, rotors, calipers, brake lines and a universal joint. If the body doesn’t rust apart the truck might be good for another couple years. Our neighbor Arthur said, “That truck will go another 100,000 miles but you better drive them soon.”
Next is a brake job on the Volvo. Then the van. I need to photograph Arthur’s shop because it is such a SWEET place for working on our vehicles.
This is a waterfall on the top of the mountain. I have noticed the water running each day the past couple of months while on a hike. The water didn't run all the time during our drought years!
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